老子

c. 604 BC

Laozi (Chinese: 老子; pinyin: Lǎozǐ; Wade–Giles: Laosi; also Lao Tse, Lao Tu, Lao-Tzu, Lao-Tsu, Laotze, Lao Zi, Laocius, and other variations) was a mystic philosopher of ancient China, and is a central figure in Taoism (also spelled "Daoism"). Laozi literally means "old master", and is generally considered honorific. Laozi is revered as a deity in most religious forms of Taoism. Taishang Laojun is title for Laozi in the Taoist religion, which refers to him as "One of the Three Pure Ones". According to Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC. Historians variously contend that Laozi is a synthesis of multiple historical figures, that he is a mythical figure, or that he actually lived in the 4th century BC, concurrent with the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Period. A central figure in Chinese culture, both nobility and common people claim Laozi in their lineage. Throughout history, Laozi's work has been embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements. **Source**: [Laozi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laozi) on Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Books

30 books

Tao te Ching

1842

老子

Readings in classical Chinese philosophy

2000

Bryan W. Van Norden, P. J. Ivanhoe, Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, 老子, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Fei

Dao de Jing

2001

老子, Yang Peng

Prentice Hall Literature--Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes--World Literature

2001

Carol Domblewski, Chinua Achebe, Anna Akhmatova, Dante Alighieri, Isabel Allende, Yehuda Amichai, Guillaume Apollinaire, Aristotle, Miguel Ángel Asturias, Margaret Atwood, Honoré de Balzac, Genevieve Barlow, Basho Matsuo, Charles Baudelaire, Bei Dao, Jorge Luis Borges, Rosellen Brown, Michel Butor, Italo Calvino, Albert Camus, Vincent Canby, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Антон Павлович Чехов, Pär Lagerkvist, John Lennon, Doris Lessing, Antonia Levi, Li Po, 老子, Federico García Lorca, Lu Hsun, Paul McCartney, McCrae, John, نجيب محفوظ, Nelson Mandela, Thomas Mann, Gabriel García Márquez, Mark Mathabane, Guy de Maupassant, Bradley Mayhew, Gabriela Mistral, Les Murray, Vladimir Nabokov, Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Narayan, Eric Peter Nash, Pablo Neruda, Nguyen Thi Vinh, DjiBril Tamsir Niane, Josephina Niggli, Tenzing Norgay., Ōgai Mōri, Ovid, Okot p'Bitek, Alan Paton, Octavio Paz, Petrarch, Alexander Petrunkevitch, Luigi Pirandello, Ponge, Francis., Александр Сергеевич Пушкин, Dalia Ravikovitch, Rainer Maria Rilke, Rin Ishigaki, Manuel Rojas, Pierre de Rosnard, N. K. Sanders, Sappho, Bruno Schulz, Leopold S. Senghor, Ahmed Shatta, David Sheward, Sei Shōnagon, Shu, Ting, Александр Солженицын, Sophocles, Wole Soyinka, Leopold Staff, William N. Stivers, Wisława Szymborska, T'ao Ch'ien, Tacitus, Rabindranath Tagore, Empress Theodora, Лев Толстой, Chrétien de Troyes, Tsurayuki Ki, Tu Fu, Pak, Tu-jin, James Ramsey Ullman, Luisa Valenzuela, César Vallejo, Tino Villanueva, Vishnusharman, Elie Wiesel